Hongbing Lu
Professor
School of
Mechanical
218 Engineering North
Stillwater
Phone: (405) 744-5900
Email: hongbing.lu@okstate.edu
Academic Background
Ph.D., Aeronautics,
California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, 1997
M.S., Engineering Mechanics,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 1988
B.S., Solid Mechanics,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, China, 1986
Areas of Interest
Viscoelasticity, Experimental Mechanics, Computational Mechanics, Multiscale Simulations, Mechanics of Nanocomposites and other Nanostuctured Materials, Dynamic Fracture, Viscoelastic Behavior at High Strain Rates, Shear Slitting/Cutting, Nanomechanics, Viscoelastic Nanoindentation, Ear Biomechanics
Research Areas
Nanomechanics and Mechanics of Nano-structured Materials: (1) Methods for measurements of viscoelastic functions in both time- and frequency-domains using nanoindentation; (2) Viscoelastic behavior of nano-structured materials, nanocomposites, polymers, nanocomposites using nanoindentation, atomic force microscope, high resolution TEM, and nanoparticle embeddments; (3) Characterization and modeling of crosslinked silica aerogels, crosslinked vanadia aerogels, and crosslinked templated aerogels, using nanoindentation, liquid nitrogen porosimetry, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and high-resolution microscopy; (4) Solving inverse problems to determine the mechanical behavior of single crystals at the sub-micron scale using nanoindentation and crystal plasticity; (5) Characterization and modeling of single-wall carbon nanotube/polyelectrolyte multilayer nanocomposites.
Viscoelasticity: (1) Long-term durability of polymers under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions; (2) Long-term durability of polymer matrix composites used at high temperature environment; (3) Mechanical behavior of plastic foams, and fiber reinforced plastic foams under quasi-static loading, and dynamic loading conditions using digital image correlation, tomography and ultra-high speed photography (62 color frames, up to 4 million frames per second); (4) Nonlinear constitutive modeling of polymers under multiaxial loading conditions; (5) Nonlinear constitutive modeling of polymers under high strain rates.
Experimental Techniques: (1) Measurements of large nonlinear surface deformations using digital image correlation with the implementation of second order displacement gradient terms (strain gradients), as well as third-order displacement gradients ( in addition to the first order displacement gradient terms); (2) Measurements of viscoelastic functions in the audible frequency range (100 Hz – 20,000 Hz) for polymers; (3) Nanoindentation for the measurements of both in-plane and out-of-plane properties of viscoelastic films in both time- and frequency-domains, and measurements of both bulk and shear relaxation functions using both Berkovich and spherical indenters.
Computational Mechanics: (1) 2D and 3D structured mesh refinement, and parallel processing techniques for the Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) Method; (2) Simulation of dynamic problems with complex contact surfaces, such as compaction of bulk metallic glass foam using parallel processing; (2) Simulation of dynamic crack growth using GIMP and normal/tangential cohesive laws; (3) Coupling molecular dynamics (MD), discrete dislocations with continuum; (4) Seamless coupling between MD and continuum using the material point methods and MD.
Bioengineering (Ear Biomechanics for Restoration of Hearing): (1) Measurements of the viscoelastic properties of tissues in human ears such as tympanic membrane (eardrum) and ligaments using nanoindentation; (2) Measurements of viscoelastic properties in the frequency domain; (3) Modeling the acoustic transmission in normal and diseased human ears.
Manufacturing Processes: (1) Sheet metal slitting/cutting technique using shear slitting/cutting when two rotary blades forming a rake angle are not in contact; (2) Modeling stress/strain distribution in 3D winding of viscoelastic webs (films) to determine the film flatness upon unwinding.
Professional Association
Editorial Board Member, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 2006–
Editorial Board Member, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Multiscale Mechanics, 2008 –
Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2008 –
International Advisory Board, Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM), 2005 - 2008
Chair, Division of Time-Dependent Materials, Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2000 - 2003
Vice-Chair, Division of Time-Dependent Materials, Society for Experimental Mechanics,1999-2000
Secretary, Division of Time-Dependent Materials, Society for Experimental Mechanics, 1998-1999
Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Member, Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society
Member, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI, 1998, 1999)
Member, Material Research Society (2005)
Member, Society of Rheology (2005)
Awards And Fellowships
Regents Distinguished Research Award, Oklahoma State University, 2008
CEAT Halliburton Outstanding Faculty Award, College of Engineering, Architecture and
Technology (CEAT), Oklahoma State University, 2008
Best Poster Award, 14th International Sol-Gel Conference, Montpellier, France, 2007
Best Paper Award, the 9th International Conference on Web Handling, Stillwater, OK, 2007
Mechanical Engineering Golden Screw Teaching Award, MAE, OSU, 2004, 2005 and 2006
National Science Foundation, Career Award, 2000 - 2004
CEAT Outstanding Young Faculty Award, Oklahoma State University, 2001
3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award, 1999, 2000, 2001
Li Ming Scholarship Award (Caltech), 1993, 1995
Charles Lee Powell Foundation Graduate Fellowship (Caltech), 1991
Software
CreepCalculator is a program developed for processing nanoindentation data to find the creep compliance in the time-domain for linearly viscoelastic materials using the method described in the paper “Measurement of Creep Compliance of Solid Polymers by Nanoindentation,” H. Lu, B. Wang,J. Ma,G. Huang and H. Viswanathan, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Vol. 7, pp. 189-207, 2003. The software is available for unlimited distribution, but is not allowed for any revision in any format.
A MatLab Code is available to extract the relaxation modulus for a linearly viscoelastic material from nanoindentation obtained with a Berkovich indenter tip using the method described in the paper “Measurement of Young’s Relaxation Modulus Using Nanoindentation,” Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Gang Huang, Hongbing Lu, Vol 10, No. 3, pp. 229-243, 2006.” Examples input and output data files are included. A similar method can be used to extract relaxation modulus using a spherical indenter tip.
Selected Publications
1. Nicholas Leventis, Naveen Chandrasekaran, Anand G. Sadekar, Chariklia
Sotiriou-Leventis and Hongbing Lu, “One-Pot Synthesis of Interpenetrating
Inorganic/Organic Networks of CuO/Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogels: Nanostructured Energetic Materials,”
Journal of American Chemical Society, 131,
4576-4577, 2009. Highlighted in Nature Chemistry, Issue 3, May 22, 2009, Online
Version at
http://www.nature.com/nchem/reshigh/2009/0409/full/nchem.205.html
2. Huiyang Luo, Chengkai Dai, Rong Zhu Gan, and Hongbing Lu, “A Comparison of
Young’s Modulus for Normal and Diseased Human Eardrums at High Strain Rates,”
International Journal of Experimental and Computational Biomechanics, 1, 1-22, 2009
3. Alireza Sadr, Yasushi Shimada, Hongbing Lu and Junji Tagami, “The
Viscoelastic Behavior of Dental Adhesives: A Nanoindentation Study,” Dental
Materials, 25, 13-19, 2009
4. Nitin P. Daphalapurkar, Chenkai Dai, Rong Z. Gan, and Hongbing Lu,
“Characterization of the Linearly Viscoelastic Behavior of Human Tympanic
Membrane by Nanoindentation,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical
Materials, 2, 82-92, 2009
5. Wei Yin, Subramaniam M. Venkitachalam, Ellen Jarrett, Sarah Staggs, Nicholas
Leventis, Hongbing Lu, David A. Rubenstein, “Biocompatibility of surfactant-templated
polyurea–nanoencapsulated macroporous silica aerogels with plasma platelets and
endothelial cells,” Journal of Biomedical Materials, Part A, 2009 (in press)
6. Huiyang Luo, Chengkai Dai, Rong Zhu Gan, and Hongbing Lu, “Measurement of
Young’s Modulus of Human Tympanic Membrane at High Strain Rates,” Journal of
Biomechanical Engineering – Transactions of ASME, 2009 (in press)
7. C. Wingfield, A. Baski, M. F. Bertino1, N. Leventis, D. P. Mohite, and H. Lu,
“Spatial Tailoring of the Physical Properties of Sol-Gel Materials,”
Chemistry
of Materials, 2009 (in press)
8. N. Leventis, C. Sotiriou-Leventis, S. Mulik, A. Dass1, J. Schnobrich, A.
Hobbs, E. F. Fabrizio, H. Luo, G. Churu, Y. Zhang, H. Lu, “Polymer
Nanoencapsulated Mesoporous Vanadia with Unusual Ductility at Cryogenic
Temperatures,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18, 2475 – 2482, 2008
(highlighted as a “hot article” in the journal) Paper Weblink:
http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/JM/article.asp?doi=b801770k, News on the
website of Chemical Science of the Royal Chemical Society (UK):
http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2008/05/Strength_in_nanoworms.asp
9. Nicholas Leventis, Sudhir Mulik, Xiaojiang Wang, Amala Dass, Vishal U. Patil,
C. Sotiriou-Leventis, Hongbing Lu, Gitogo Churu, Alex Capecelatro, “Conformal
Polymer Nano-Encapsulation of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Monoliths for Improved
Mechanical Properties,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 354, 632-644, 2008
10. H. Luo, G. Churu, E. F. Fabrizio, J. Schnobrich, A. Hobbs, A. Dass, S. Mulik,
Y. Zhang, B. P. Grady, A. Capecelatro, C. Sotiriou-Leventis, H. Lu, N. Leventis,
“Synthesis and Characterization of the Physical, Chemical and Mechanical
Properties of Isocyanate-Crosslinked Vanadia Aerogels,” Journal of Sol-Gel
Science and Technology, 48, 113-134, 2008
11. Y. Liu, S. Varghese, J. Ma, M. Yoshino, H. Lu, and R. Komanduri,
“Orientation Effects in Nanoindentation of Single Crystal Copper,” International
Journal of Plasticity, 24, 1990-2015, 2008
12. Sudhir Mulik, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis, Gitogo Churu, Hongbing Lu and
Nicholas Leventis, “Crosslinking 3D Assemblies of Nanoparticles into
Mechanically Strong Aerogels by Surface-Initiated Free Radical Polymerization,”
Chemistry of Materials, 20, 5035-5046, 2008, DOI 10.1021/cm800963h
13. N. P. Daphalapurkar, J. C. Hanan, N. B. Phelps, H. Bale, H. Lu, “Tomography
and Simulation of Microstructure Evolution of a Closed-Cell Polymer Foam in
Compression,” Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 15, 594-611, 2008
14. Gang Huang, Nitin Daphalapurkar, Rong Z. Gan, and Hongbing Lu, “A Method for
Measuring Linearly Viscoelastic Properties of Human Tympanic Membrane Using
Nanoindentation,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering – Transactions of ASME,
130, 014501-1, 2008
15. Wolfgang G. Knauss, Igor Emri and Hongbing Lu, “Mechanics of Polymers:
Viscoelasticity,” Book Chapter in Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics,
Edited by W.N. Sharpe, Jr., Springer, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-387-26883-5
16. Gyu-ho Kim, Hongbing Lu, “Accelerated Fatigue Life Testing of Polycarbonate
at Low Frequency under Isothermal Condition,” Polymer Testing, 27, 114-121, 2008
17. Gyu-Ho Kim and Hongbing Lu, “Characteristics of Accelerated Lifetime
Behavior of Polycarbonate under Athermal and High Loading Frequency Conditions,”
Polymer Testing, 26, 839-845, 2007
18. Farzana Hussain, S. Roy, K. Narasimhan, K. Vengadassalam, H. Lu,
“E-glass-polypropylene pultruded nanocomposite: Manufacture, characterization,
thermal and mechanical properties,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite
Materials, 20, No. 4, 411-434, 2007
19. Nicholas Leventis, Sudhir Mulik, Xiaojiang Wang, Amala Daas, C.
Sotiriou-Leventis, Hongbing Lu, “Stresses at the Interface of Micro with Nano,”
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129, No. 35, 10660-10661, 2007
20. H. Lu and G. Huang, “Viscoelastic Nanoindentation,” Book Chapter, in
New
Research in Thin Solid Films, ISBN: 1-60021-454-1, Nova Science Publishers, 2007
21. Nitin P. Daphalapurkar, Hongbing Lu, Demir Coker, and Ranga Komanduri,
“Simulation of Dynamic Crack Growth Using the Generalized Interpolation Material
Point (GIMP) Method,” International Journal of Fracture, 143, 79-102, 2007
22. S. Roy, Farzana Hussain, K. Narasimhan, K. Vengadassalam, H. Lu,
“E-glass/polypropylene Pultruded Nanocomposite: Manufacture, Characterisation,
Thermal and Mechanical properties,” Polymers & Polymer Composites, 15, No. 2,
91-102, 2007
23. G. Huang and H. Lu, “Measurements of Two Independent Viscoelastic Functions
by Nanoindentation,” Special Issue - Nanoscale Measurements in Mechanics, in
Experimental Mechanics, 47, 87-98, 2007
24. Gang Huang, Hongbing Lu, “Measurement of Young’s Relaxation Modulus Using
Nanoindentation,” Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 10, No. 3, 229-243,
2006
25. Jin Ma, Yang Liu, Hongbing Lu, and Ranga Komanduri, “Multiscale Simulation
of Nanoindentation using the Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP)
Method, Dislocation Dynamics (DD) and Molecular Dynamics (MD),” Computer
Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 16, No. 1, 41-56, 2006
26. H. Lu, J. Ma and M. Li, “Edge Trimming of Aluminum Sheets Using Shear
Slitting at a Rake Angle,” Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering –
Transactions of ASME, 128, 866-873, 2006
27. Huiyang Luo, Hongbing Lu and Nicholas Leventis, “The Compressive Behavior of
Isocyanate-Crosslinked Silica Aerogel at High Strain Rates,” Mechanics of
Time-Dependent Materials, 10, 83-111, 2006
28. J. Ma, H. Lu, B. Wang, R. Hornung, A. Wissink, and R. Komanduri, “Multiscale
Simulation Using Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) Method and
Molecular Dynamics (MD),” Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 14, No.
2, 101-117, 2006
29. J. C. Hanan, J. Ma, C. Veazey, H. Lu, M. D. Demetriou, W. L. Jonson,
“Microtomography and 3-Dimensional Stresses of Compressed Low-Density Amorphous
Metal Foam,” TMSLetters, 3, No. 1, 9-10, 2006
30. G. Huang, B. Wang, H. Lu, A. Mamedov, S. Gupta, “Material Characterization
and Modeling of Single-wall Carbon Nanotube/Polyelectrolyte Multilayer
Nanocomposites,” Journal of Applied Mechanics – Transactions of ASME, 73,
737-744, 2006
31. H. Lu, N.P. Daphalapurkar, B. Wang, S. Roy and R. Komanduri, “Multiscale
Simulation from Atomistic to Continuum – Coupling Molecular Dynamics (MD) with
Material Point Method (MPM),” Philosophical Magazine, 86, No. 20, 2971-2994,
2006
32. J. Ma, H. Lu and R. Komanduri, “Structured Mesh Refinement in Generalized
Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) Method for Simulation of Dynamic Problems,”
Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 12, No. 3, 213-227, 2006
33. W. Chen, G. Huang, H. Lu, D.E. McCready, A.G. Joly, “Utilizing Nano-Fabrication
to Construct Strong, Luminescent Materials,” Nanotechnology, 7, 2595-2601, 2006
34. J. Ma, H. Lu, M. Li and B. Wang, “Burr Height in Shear Slitting of Aluminum
Webs,” Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering – Transactions of ASME,
128, 46-55, 2006
35. Atul Katti, Nilesh Shimpi, Samit Roy, Hongbing Lu, Eve F. Fabrizio, Amala
Dass, Lynn A. Capadona, and Nicholas Leventis, “Chemical, Physical and
Mechanical Characterization of Isocyanate-crosslinked Amine-modified Silica
Aerogels,” Chemistry of Materials, 18, No. 2, 285-296, 2006
36. H. Lu, G. Huang, B. Wang, A. Mamdov, S. Gupta, “Characterization of the
Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of Single-wall Carbon Nanotube/Polyelectrolyte
Multilayer Nanocomposite Film Using Nanoindentation,” Thin Solid Films, 500,
197-202, 2006
37. S. Roy, K. Vengadassalam, F. Hussain, H. Lu, “Manufacturing and Mechanical
Characterization of Pultruded Thermoplastic Nanocomposites,” Book Chapter, in
Nanoengineering of Structural, Functional and Smart Materials, Edited by Mark J.
Schulz, Ajit D. Kelkar, and Mannur J. Sundaresan, CRC, Taylor & Francis Group,
2005
38. Y. Liu, B. Wang, M. Yoshino, S. Roy, H. Lu and R. Komanduri, “Combined
Numerical Simulation and Nanoindentation for Determining Mechanical Properties
of Single Crystal Copper at Mesoscale,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of
Solids, 53, 2718-2741, 2005
39. B. Wang, V. Karuppiah, H. Lu, S. Roy and R. Komanduri, “Two-dimensional
Mixed Mode Crack Simulation Using the Material Point Method,” Mechanics of
Advanced Materials and Structures, 12, 471-484, 2005
40. J. Ma, H. Lu, B. Wang, S. Roy, R. Hornung, A. Wissink and R. Komanduri,
“Multiscale Simulations Using Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP)
Method and SAMRAI Parallel Processing,” Computer Modeling in Engineering and
Sciences, 8, No. 2, 135-152, 2005
41. C. Liu, H. Lu and Y. Huang, “Dynamic Steady-State Stress Field in a Web
During Slitting,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 72, 157-164, 2005
42. G. Huang, B. Wang and H. Lu, “Measurements of Viscoelastic Functions in
Frequency-Domain by Nanoindentation,” Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 8,
345-364, 2004
43. H. Lu, B. Wang, J. Ma, G. Huang and H. Viswanathan, “Measurement of Creep
Compliance of Solid Polymers by Nanoindentation,” Mechanics of Time-Dependent
Materials, 7, 189-207, 2003
44. B. Wang, H. Lu, G. Tan and W. Chen, “Strength of Damaged Polycarbonate After
Fatigue,” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 39, No. 2, 163-169, 2003
45. B. Wang, H. Lu and G. Kim, “A Damage Model for the Fatigue Life of
Elastomeric Materials,” Mechanics of Materials, 34, 475-483, 2002
46. H. Lu, G. Tan and W. Chen, “Modeling of Constitutive Behavior for Epon
828/T-403 at High Strain Rates,” Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Vol. 5,
No. 2, 119-130, 2001
47. H. Lu and P.D. Cary, “Deformation Measurements by Digital Image Correlation:
Implementation of Second Order Displacement Gradients,” Experimental Mechanics,
40, No. 4, 393-400, 2000
48. H. Richter, E. Misawa, D. Lucca and H. Lu, “Modeling Nonlinear Behavior in a
Piezoelectric Actuator,” Precision Engineering, 25, 128-137, 2000
49. H. Lu and W.G. Knauss, “The Role of Dilatation in the Nonlinearly
Viscoelastic Behavior of PMMA under Multiaxial Stress States,” Mechanics of Time
Dependent Materials, 2, No. 4, 307-334, 1999
50. H. Lu, X. H. Zhang and W. G. Knauss, “Uniaxial, Shear and Poisson Relaxation
and their Conversion to Bulk Relaxation— Studies on Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)”
Polymer Engineering and Science, 37, No. 6, 1053-1064, 1997
51. H. Lu, G. Vendroux and W.G. Knauss, “Surface Deformation Measurements of a
Cylinder by Digital Image Correlation,” Experimental Mechanics, 37, No. 4,
433-439, 1997